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A fracture can be closed (the skin is not broken) or open, which is also called a compound fracture (the skin is open and the risk of infection significant).
There are many types of fractures.
Some fractures are displaced (there is a gap between the two ends of the bone). These often require surgery.
A partial fracture is an incomplete break of a bone.
A complete fracture is a complete break of a bone, causing it to be separated into two or more pieces.
A stress fracture, sometimes called a “hairline fracture,” is like a crack and may be difficult to see with regular X-rays.
These are the different types of partial, complete, open, and closed fractures:
Transverse: the break is in a straight line across the bone.
Spiral: the break spirals around the bone.
Oblique: the break is diagonal across the bone.
Compression: the bone is crushed and flattens in appearance.
Comminuted: the bone fragments into several different pieces.
Avulsion: a fragment of bone is pulled off, often by a tendon or ligament.
Impacted: the bones are driven together.
Fractures occur when a force that is stronger than the bone itself is applied to a bone. Fractures can occur from falls, trauma, and a direct blow to a bone. Repetitive forces caused by running can cause a fracture, as well. These running fractures are often called stress fractures; these are small cracks in the bone. Osteoporosis may also cause a fracture in older people.
Arm: Pain, swelling, abnormal bend, difficulty using or moving arm, warmth, bruising, or redness
Elbow: Pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, a ‘pop’ noise at the time of fracture, or visible deformity
Wrist: Pain, swelling, decreased use of hand and wrist, a crooked or deformed appearance, and unable to hold a grip
Hand: Pain, swelling, tenderness to touch, stiffness, and weakness. Deformities are not always common.
Finger: Pain, swelling, unable to move the finger, a shortened finger, or a depressed knuckle
Leg: Severe pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, obvious deformity, and the inability to walk
Knee: Pain, swelling, bruising, inability to straighten the knee and the inability to walk
Ankle: Severe pain, swelling, tenderness to touch, bruising, deformity, and the inability to walk
Foot: Severe pain, swelling, bruising, numbness in toes and foot, decreased range of motion, inability to walk comfortably, and visible deformity
Toe: Pain, swelling, discoloration, and bruising. You should be able to walk, but not comfortably.
Finally I hope you learned about different types of fractures ,causes,signs and symptoms of a bone fracture.
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